Impact of Arrival of Television on Electioneering In England Essay Example for Free

Impact of Arrival of Television on Electioneering In England Essay INTRODUCTION The invention of television marked he beginning of a new epoch. The age of information technology made information available at the push of a button. Facts and distortion of facts are the tools of the entertainment industry. Exaggeration is the premise on which the advertizing agency works. It is confluence of the audio visual impact which is one of the most powerful influences that is experienced by the individual. It left no human endeavor untouched .The fate of democracy is determined by the elections. Television was utilized for campaigning of the candidates participating in the election. It brought about a complete revamping of the election campaign. Local issues were sidelined and an emphasis on the national campaign was     the dominant feature of the election process.[1]Mass media had completely mesmerized both the masses and the persons responsible for planning and execution of the election campaign. The recent proliferation of the media channels has led to a depletion of issues that can be aired on these channels .therefore there has been a shift from national to local politics. The impact of the television is not just limited to what is going to be at the forefront but it has led to complete overhaul of the process. The campaigns are more articulate and well planned .The concept of negative publicity has been inducted like it was done never before. The elections are loosing personal touch as there is more emphasis on the how to air the campaign. Consequently the expenditure on the elections is rising partly because of infalation and partly because the campaigns are conducted on grand scale. British Law permits each party to air its programme, policies and agendas on the national channels across England for 20 minutes without paying any tariff for putting it on air. Each party is given a maximum of five repeat telecast. HISTORY OF POLITICAL BROADCAST Political broadcasting started in Britain in 1924 on radio with a20 minute allocation time for each party. it was started on television in 1951.   It was an unpaid time slot of 15 minutes that was allocated to each party. The political broadcasts are regulated by the 1990 Broadcasting Act and the Political Parties, Elections and Referendum Act 2000.The initial directives of the act forbade that the political advertisement should not be purely political in nature. In 2001 general election the   three major political parties were given five chances to broadcast their political campaign where as the minor political parties were given one chance if they were contesting one sixth of the total seats. 5 and 10 minutes of political advertisements were replaced by 240, 340 or 440and a stricture is placed on them so that they should not violate decency and good taste. All the political electoral broadcast by various party are simultaneously aired .These are either preceded or followed by   previews and reviews by the major news paper daily and there fore the messages are a kind of reinforced. Currently there is ongoing debate on whether the system of political broadcast should be completely scraped or it should be revised with a provision of paid commercials. Since time immemorial it has been stated that effective governance is related to whether the voters have made an informed choice. It is privileged class who will try different means to gather information about the party and candidates standing in the election. The masses either do not makes a conscious effort to gather information or they rely on effortless means to gain information about the political parties. What the media is representing can differ. On the one hand it can be balanced objective on the other hand it can be preferential[2] It has been observed that commercial broadcasting system can have ulterior motives as they are there to maximize their benefits. The national broadcasting system is more conducive to producing objective information   Ã‚  about the political parties[3]. Political advertising in England is more party oriented where as in America the emphasis is on the candidate .Lot of attention is being paid to the effect of use of media in the election .It is very difficult to conclusively prove that what results it is going to produce .England is a very old democracy and all the parties have their particular image .Media cannot altogether alter the image of the party   .It can highlight the achievement of the party and it can make the manifesto more lucrative. This premise is in accordance with the earliest studies of the impact of television on the electoral outcomes by Blumler and McQuail.[4] The party campaign through the media is expected to effect the voter turn out. It can bring to the forefront various campaign issues. It can create an enthusiasm for gathering more information about the party programmes.[5]These early studies reflected that voting for political parties were a matter of class and the election campaign served very little purpose. [6]The conservative and the Labour party were dividing the voters on the basis of who did manual labour and who didn’t work with their hands i.e the managers and the employers and the middle class The voters who changed their loyalties from one party to another were primarily for a short term. It has been observed that this faction was to swing back its support to he party which it originally adhered to.   It can be said that these floating voters can be influenced by the televised transmission of the electoral campaign. This can be contended because the labour part lost three elections in a row in 1959 although the class that does manual labour constitute major chunk of the electorate. The material prosperity entailed a spread of the middle class values and hence the conservatives won the election. The messages that are aired during the political campaigns in election are not the only information available to the electorate. The long term memory of the people might be short. That doesn’t mean that the events political debates     press conferences, by- elections etc preceding the election campaign have no consequence. The election campaign through the media is of two kinds. One in which the focus is on the image building or the achievement of the party .The other kind deals with the character assassination of the opponent. If the attack broadcasting is exaggerated and is not substantiated then it can create sympathy for the opponent. The conservative party campaign nick named ‘Demon eye’ of 1997 was counter productive It created an image of Labour as leftwing radicals. The electorate had experience a moderate labour party government under the leadership of Tony Blair. A caricature of Mr. Bust and Mr. Boom was used to depict the economic condition of England .The facts that Britain had experienced a spurt in the economy in 1980 under the leadership of Thatcher. This kind of media campaign has to be used with great caution as it is either counterproductive or it does not have any effect on the target audience. If there are fractions within the party then it can bolster unity among the contending fractions. The persuasive propaganda is more useful and almost all the parties realize that it is the best way to campaign .It pays attention to detailing the ideology of the party. It is oriented on the fact that the achievement of the party is highlighted. Moreover it is presented in manner that it appears more entertaining so as to keep the audience hooked on to it. It can be proved that the parties are more interested in this positive kind of advertisement by looking at the percentage of the campaign allocated to the political advertisement. Negative references were a small and similar proportion of the total literature of all three parties: 8.7 per cent Conservative, 10.4 Labour, 9.8 per cent Liberal Democrat. The televised broadcast of the political party programmes is useful tools because the minor political parties get a chance to make themselves felt. This is true for most of the countries who have democracy and who have televised political advertisement.[7] Even .The liberal democrats were able to make themselves felt through their advocacy strategy. In 1951 the minor parties had around 10% to 3% of the vote share. This vote share increased in the 1997 and almost one fourth of the total share of the vote. There are many reasons for the increase in the vote share of the relatively new and unknown political parties like social class. Education of the voter as it determines whether it is an informed choice or not. Media especially the print media is specially tilted in favor of conservative parties IT was in the I970s that the researches were conducted and it reflected that a change had occurred in the political environment of Britain .The voters were not holding to the rigid class bias of the political parties due to the influence of the television. The other factor that is responsible for this change was the economic affluence in England as that was responsible for mitigating the gap between the rich and the poor.[8]Other researches argue that this doesn’t mean that class politics has changed rather it can be seen as both the parties are going out of favor. Heath et al argue â€Å"analysts have mistaken changes in behavior by voters for changes in their motivation without asking first whether or not the political stimulus they have received is still the same or not. They suggest, for example, that variations in the strength of the class alignment may well reflect changes in the distance between the parties on class-based issues†.[9] The voters are not taking their decisions in vacuum there are certain political and social issues that are motivating the voters to vote for apolitical parties. The short term shift in the voters preference is based on the perception of the competence of the parties,. The parties in power can effectively utilize the print as well as the television in advertizing its achievement .There have been fears that   the hegemony of the media was responsible for the conservatives winning the election as they have the hegemony over the press. It has been time and again proved television is not the sole deciding factor in determining the outcome of the election. The 1980s saw a shift from the national to regional politics .There was a variation in the voting patterns from one region to another. If television has been the main sway in the elections then the entire country should have shown a similar pattern. Local campaign did make a difference The surveys conducted by the Labour party showed that Its percentage of votes was directly related to number of people working for the party [10] Local campaign play an important role in persuading the voters to vote for a particular party. It is very difficult to find out what was the ultimate reason for voting as the preferences of an individual are shaped in the recesses of an individuals mind. Television came second in the list of what influenced the voters of the survey conducted by MORI .The regional television can be utilized to create amore local and specific advertisement for the electorate. This area has yet to be explored by the political party..   The labour party topped the list of frequency of the reference of the constituencies and it made almost 28.7 per cent of sentences referring to local provision. The Conservatives made 16.5 per cent and made the Liberal Democrats 10.2 per cent references to the local issues. This means the elections are by and large fought on national issues which are effectively transmitted through the television. The lab our party has thrice lost elections till 1997. This reflects that though they made more references to the local electoral constituencies they were unable to convert the voters in their favour. CONCLUSION It is seen that the advent of television had completely changed the way in which we look at the different issues .Things which are of relatively lesser importance can be presented in an innovative method .The election process in England has its own peculiarities.   Television didn’t bring about a complete transformation of the election process of Britain. England is one of the oldest proponents of the institution of democracy. The two major parties the lobour and conservatives have their peculiar images .Television cannot completely alter the public perception. The older generation is more difficult to mould as its ideas are set .The televised broadcasting of the party manifesto can be aimed at the youth which is more likely to change its preferences. A perceptible shift is seen in the support base of the two major political parties the Labour party was supported by the people doing manual labour and the conservatives were supported by the middle class. The class distinction was thought to be the basis of the voting pattern. Now this distinction is becoming less and less important as media and economic affluence has reduced the gap between the rich and poor.   The influence of television has backfired on the two major parties .The minor political parties have increased their vote percentage. The major beneficiary is the Liberal Democratic Party. Although it has been the pristine premise that the informed electorate   can lead to the formation of more effective and responsible government .It can be said with certainty that the voters of the present age are more informed but there is difference between having knowledge and judicious use of knowledge..The other aspect of this election scenario of England is that there is no alternative to the present parties on the national level .Even if the voter is aware of the shortcomings of the present parties, he has no choice. The voters have to choose the lesser evil. REFERENCES Blumler, Jay G. and Denis Mc Quail. 1968. Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence. London: Faber Faber.n.p Bonham, J. (1954), The Middle Class Vote (London: Faber)pp 56-62 Butler, D. and Stokes, D (1974) Political Change in Britain(2nd. edition) pp54-78(London: Macmillan) Evans, G. Heath, A., and Payne, C. (1999), ‘Class: Labour as a Catch-All Party?’ in Evans, G. and Norris, P. (eds.), Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-Term Perspective n.p   (London: Sage) Kaid, Lynda Lee and John C. Tedesco. 1993. ‘A comparison of political television advertising fromthe 1992 British and American campaigns.’ Informatologia 25(1-2): 1-12 Kavanagh,   The British General Election of 2001. Basingstoke n.p: Palgrave Macmillan News on Party Images in the 1997 British General Election. British Elections and Parties Norris, 2001. Ed. Britain Votes 2001.n.p   Oxford: Oxford University Press. Norris et al .1999; Norris and Sanders 2000   pp 110-120 Sanders, David and Pippa Norris. 1998. Does Negative News Matter? The Effects of Television Semetko , holi .A 1996 The Media In Comparing democracies edited by Lawerence   Le Duc,Richard Niemaand Pippa Norris London:Sage   pp254-279 Seyd, P. P. Whiteley (2002) New Labour’s Grass Roots: The Transformation of Labour Party Membership, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.pp10-38 Zaller John2003†Anew standerd of the news quality: Burglar alarm Monitorial Citizens†Political communication20 109-130 [1] (Kavanagh, (1970). The British General Election of 2001. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan News on Party Images in the 1997 British General Election. British Elections and Parties n,p [2] Zaller John2003†Anew standerd of the news quality: Burglar alarm Monitorial Citizens†Political communication20 pp109-130 [3] Semetko , holi .A 1996 The Media In Comparing democracies edited by Lawerence   Le Duc,Richard Niemaand Pippa Norris London:Sage   pp254-279 [4] Blumler, Jay G. and Denis McQuail. 1968. Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence. London: Faber Faber.n.p [5] Norris et al .1999; Norris and Sanders 2000   pp 110-120 [6] Bonham, J. (1954), The Middle Class Vote (London: Faber)pp 56-62 [7] Kaid, Lynda Lee and John C. Tedesco. 1993. ‘A comparison of political television advertising from the 1992 British and American campaigns.’ Informatologia 25(1-2): pp1-12 [8] Butler, D. and Stokes, D (1974) Political Change in Britain(2nd. edition) pp 54-78(London: Macmillan) [9] Evans, G. Heath, A., and Payne, C. (1999), ‘Class: Labour as a Catch-All Party?n.p Norris, P. (eds.), Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-Term Perspective (London: Sage)n.p [10] Seyd, P. P. Whiteley (2002) New Labour’s Grass Roots: The Transformation of Labour Party Membership, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan pp.10 38

Did Our Ancestors Live in Harmony with the Environment? :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Did Our Ancestors Live in Harmony with the Environment? It appears that humans are entering a stage in their collective lives in which we are beginning to see that we can quite easily alter our environments very drastically. Some are still divided about how they feel about this, feeling that things cannot possibly be as bad as the many doomsday-scenarios painted by both scientific and religious authorities. And there are others who are extremely worried about our collective affect on the environment, and fear that it may already be too late for humans, and the world will soon change sufficiently enough to make continued human survival on this planet very difficult. From both types of people, the question arises, "Was there ever a time when humans lived in a way that was more or less in harmony with the environment?" A key element in this discussion is the use of technology, loosely defined as anything outside of natural biological functions that is manipulated and used to obtain an objective. To search for a time when our ancestors might have lived more environmentally consciously, one needs evidence, and in this case, it is generally thought that the only real evidence to be found is through fossils of things created and used by these people of so long ago. But how far back in time are we talking about? And is there any other kind of evidence that might shed a bit of light on how people lived in those times? It is generally acknowledged that starting with our ancestor Homo erectus, humans began to use their hands to make tools (Ponting, 18). This knowledge is based on dating techniques of archaeological findings such as skeletons and early tools, and the rough estimate of the appearance of this tool-using human is around 2 million years ago. In case it is not obvious, that is a very long time. Even in the last 4000 years, the amount of change that human culture and society has undergone is enormous, and at least that much is historically documented by at least some cultures in varying intervals. But to jump all the way back to 2 million years involves a very far leap indeed. There is not much evidence that tells us anything about societies so far back in time. There are some bones and stones, but nothing that really breaks down all those thousands of years into any real understanding of the societies of that era.

Philosophical Theory Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) was a renowned French philosopher of twentieth century Europe. His highly unique political philosophy was merely influenced by the work of Marx and Hegel. From 1945 and onwards, his writings had dominated political themes which further recognized him as Europe’s best public intellectual of the century. One of his famous essays was â€Å"Anti-Semite and Jew† which had criticized French complicity in the Holocaust and defined oppression as an interpersonal recognition distortion (Sartre’s Political Philosophy; IEP). He co-founded â€Å"Les Temps Modernes†, a journal which published seminal essays on world affairs and political theory. It was only in 1950 when Sartre’s political inclination bent towards Marxism; he eventually released â€Å"Critique of Dialectic Reason, Vol. 1† in 1960, a systematic account which massively spoke of group struggle and history (Sartre’s Political Philosophy; IEP). Critique embodied Sartre’s earlier radical view and philosophy of existential freedom which had further led to his pioneering fusion of Marxism and Existentialism – an original political philosophy which touched the tension between historical forces and individual freedom. Marxism implied that societies can be better understood through struggle which existed between powerless and powerful groups. Existentialism viewed individuals as entities responsible for the numerous authorless social ills (Sartre’s Political Philosophy; IEP). It is in this respect that authenticity is considered a primary existential virtue; that is, it is a requirement for a person to critically examine one’s social situation prior to his or her acceptance of personal culpability with respect to the choices one made within that certain situation. In short, his new political philosophy embodied theories of both moral responsibility and individual agency. His well recognized work â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism† although which was presented and shared a common argument of the categorical imperative of Kant, spoke largely of Marxism and Hegelianism. With respect to Marx and Hegel, Sartre developed his very own political view as reflected on his â€Å"Notebooks for an Ethics† (1982) (Sartre’s Political Philosophy; IEP). He agreed with Hegel who claimed that in order to win recognition, humans need to undergo a mutual struggle (Being and Nothingness). Initially, Sartre rejected the notion of transcending struggle by relations of mutual and reciprocal recognition; that is, all human relations according to Sartre, were by products of the master and slave relation. However, his idea on human relations was altered as he made the Notebooks. This may be summarized into four parts: (1) that there is a possibility for struggle to be transcended by both reciprocal and mutual recognition (2) that struggle is located in history and society rather than in onthology (3) that the struggle for recognition is a significant component in analyzing oppression as a form of domination and (4) that social solidarity was an ontological reality (dependent on recognition ties) rather than psychological projection which Hegel had claimed. Sartre’s theory of Existentialism had always accompanied Marxism. His description of social reality utilized Marx’s structural analysis which he further used to â€Å"rescue† Marxism’s categorization as â€Å"lazy dogmatism† (Sartre’s Political Philosophy; IEP). The combination of Existentialism and Marxism into a single unique theory criticized not only the economic class being a significant structural factor, but also human situation as dictated by gender, family, death and birth. An individual’s intention, he further claimed, can be sufficiently explained not by â€Å"objective interests† alone but through the combination of class analysis and personal history. Soren Kierkegaard Another renowned philosopher and Christian existentialist Soren Kierkegaard relied on the theory of Existentialism with respect to understanding human relations and individual particularity. Prior the release of his famous work â€Å"The Sickness unto Death†, Kierkegaard had claimed that there are forces at work in society and history which when projected, tend to focus on â€Å"sheer oneness† defined by singleness and particularity rather than by unity with others (Kierkegaard, Soren; 1989). The European society’s massive industrialization in the nineteenth century had led to the disruption of rurally-based societies and organic groupings with their respective identified function. Kierkegaard claimed that the age of rationalization had further drained the ethical content with respect to a well-defined group’s membership (intensive division of labor, multiple social roles and loss of corporate identity) and promoted â€Å"rational† reorganization (Kierkegaard, Soren; 1989). It was in this respect that he emphasized the world’s need of â€Å"absolute† particularity in oppose to universality. The notion of particularity, as Kierkegaard claimed, is precisely reflected in the principle of Christianity. Individuals find themselves in a lonely self emancipating situation, by which they are considered single human beings who stand before God. The more individual lose one’s social identity, the more â€Å"spiritual† and undifferentiated one becomes. Kierkegaard’s notion of the â€Å"true self† is one which conforms to the image of humanity as reflected by God through Christ (Kierkegaard, Soren; 1989). With respect to this principle, there are two theoretical dilemmas which other public intellectuals like Sartre may be facing: (1) in such a manner by which an individual stood before God, there is a possibility that the split between social and personal life is further accentuated (in oppose to Sartre’s dependence on both social and personal analysis); that is, the self and social life cannot be combined into one and (2) the situational status itself and that an individual identity for instance, cannot be placed over social and familial roles (which again contradicts Sartre’s notion of human situation as a by product of family, gender and other social structures). The Existentialist Thinker If it is in fact true to say that neither Kierkegaard nor Sartre agree with each other’s philosophy, why are they both considered existentialists any way? The very notion of Existentialism suggests that individual essence can only be realized after the â€Å"existence† of an individual had occurred and not the other way around; and that human beings cannot be understood in terms of science (Existentialism; 2010; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). As per Sartre’s definition, Existentialism viewed individuals as entities who are responsible for a certain social situation. In respect to this, an individual’s authentic value (so to speak one’s personal originality) is considered as the theory’s existential virtue necessary to examine one’s individual situation within a given social phenomenon. Kierkegaard, like Sartre, recognized the value for individual authenticity. Instead of relying on universality, he emphasized on the importance of absolute particularity of individuals. Placing a high regard for individual particularity over a more collective and universal approach to human relations and the society, Sartre and Kierkegaard somehow shared a common ground with respect to political philosophy. Thus, the accuracy of such theory may be defined in subjective terms rather than objective. Kierkegaard and Sartre viewed individuals as the center of rationalization; that is, when an individual is born, he or she is authentic by nature, one who dictated rather than be dictated by social condition; however, individual existentialism can be deemed applicable not only towards understanding human action and intention along with other social structures (for instance familial and social roles) but also towards absolute particularity which rejected the very notion of social influence. References â€Å"Sartre’s Political Philosophy†; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP): A Peer Reviewed Academic Resource. Kierkegaard, Soren (1989); â€Å"The Sickness unto Death†; Penguin Group. â€Å"Existentialism† (2010); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Sartre, Jean-Paul (1993); â€Å"Essays in Existentialism†; Citadel Press

Mahatma Gandhi - 1029 Words

Mahatma GandhiMohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: à ª ®Ã  «â€¹Ã  ª ¹Ã  ª ¨Ã  ª ¦Ã  ª ¾Ã  ª ¸ à ªâ€¢Ã  ª °Ã  ª ®Ã  ªÅ¡Ã  ªâ€šÃ  ª ¦ à ªâ€"à ª ¾Ã  ªâ€šÃ  ª §Ã  «â‚¬, pronounced [moË Ã‰ ¦Ã‰â„¢nÃŒ ªdÃŒ ªaË s kÉ™rÉ™mÊ ¨Ã‰â„¢nÃŒ ªdÃŒ ª É ¡aË nÃŒ ªdÃŒ ªÃŠ ±iË ] ( listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total nonviolence, which helped India to gain independence, and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is often referred to as Mahatma Gandhi ([mÉ™É ¦aË tÃŒ ªmaË ]; Sanskrit: à ¤ ®Ã  ¤ ¹Ã  ¤ ¾Ã  ¤ ¤Ã  ¥ Ã  ¤ ®Ã  ¤ ¾ mahÄ tmÄ  or Great Soul, an honorific first applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore),[1] and in India also as Bapu (Gujarati: à ª ¬Ã  ª ¾Ã  ª ªÃ  « , bÄ pu or†¦show m ore content†¦The story of Harishchandra, a well known tale of an ancient Indian king and a truthful hero, haunted Gandhi as a boy. Gandhi in his autobiography admits that it left an indelible impression on his mind. He writes: It haunted me and I must have acted Harishchandra to myself times without number. Gandhis early self-identification with Truth and Love as supreme values is traceable to his identification with these epic characters.[5][6] In May 1883, the 13-year old Mohandas was married to 14-year old Kasturbai Makhanji (her first name was usually shortened to Kasturba, and affectionately to Ba) in an arranged child marriage, according to the custom of the region.[7] Recalling the day of their marriage he once said that As we didnt know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives. However, as was also the custom of the region, the adolescent bride was to spend much time at her parents house, and away from her husband.[8]Show MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi : Gandhi ( Gandhi )1176 Words   |  5 PagesKaramchand Gandhi, also known as Gandhi Ji, Mahatma Gandhi and Bapu. He was a nationalist leader in India, known for establishing freedom in India from British through nonviolent movement. He professed the term’s passive resistance and civil disobedience insufficient for his work, however he devised a term called, Satyagraha (truth and firmness). He worked hi s whole life for peace and freedom in India, which I think, is something to be acknowledged by millions of people. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wasRead MoreGandhi : The World Of Mahatma Gandhi1320 Words   |  6 Pages 2016 Research Paper: Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, better known to the world as Mahatma Gandhi is one of the world’s main faces when we think or talk of the Indian independence movements, women’s rights and all around freedom for humanity. This individual used strategies and tactics of his own to achieve justice for the Indian culture while he was alive. Gandhi also worked to reform traditional Indian society in India as he was a mahatma, a Hindu term in the Hindu religion meaningRead MoreMahatma Gandhi Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesMahatma Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi, known as Mahatma Gandhi. Also known as Mahatma the great soul, was the father of modern India. He originally came from Western India, a city called Porbandar. He was born on 2nd October 1869. Gandhi was on of the youngest of the three sons of Karamchand Gandhi, who was a Prime Minister successively in Porbandar, Rajkot and Vankaner States. Gandhis mother was Putlibai, Karamchand Gandhis fourth wife. In 1876 he attended a primaryRead MoreEssay On Mahatma Gandhi1859 Words   |  8 PagesGandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in the small western Indian state of Porbandar under the name Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Ghandi s Life) . When Gandhi was finished with high school, he entered a small Indian college, the Samaldas College at the University of Bombay (Mahatma). After beginning his education here, however, he decided he disliked and traveled to the University College London, leaving his wife and infant son (Ghandi s Life). It was while attending school in London that he initiallyRead MoreMahatma Gandhi As A Pragmatism1136 Words   |  5 PagesMahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi) was born on 2nd October 1869 at Porbander Gujarat. Ghandi was born into a middle-class family, he had his early education at Rajkot, he married to Kasturba. Then he went to England for higher studies. He was an average student in his early childhood. He returned to India as barrister. He went to south Africa and did practice as a lawyer. He fought for the rights of Indians living there. He left his practice and came back to India. He had worked for theRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : Assassination Of The Five Affiliating Universities769 Words   |  4 PagesMAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY- PROFILE Mahatma Gandhi University, one of the five affiliating universities in Kerala, is the premier educational institution that strives to fulfil the higher educational needs of the people of Central Kerala. Set on the sprawling 110-acre campus called Priyadarshini Hills at Athirampuzha, 13 kms off Kottayam, the University also has seven satellite campuses in parts of Kottayam and the neighbouring districts. The University was established on 2ndRead MoreEssay on Mahatma Gandhi1642 Words   |  7 PagesESSAY ON MAHATMA GANDHI Mahatma Gandhi was born in the Porbandar city of Gujarat in october 2nd, 1869. His father name is Karamchand Gandhi, the diwan of Porbandar, and his wife, Putlibai. Since his mother was a Hindu of the Pranami Vaishnava order, Gandhi learned the tenets of non-injury to living beings, vegetarianism, fasting, mutual tolerance, etc, at a very tender age. Mohandas was married at the age of 13 to Kasturba Makhanji and had four sons. He passed the matriculation exam at SamaldasRead MoreThe Assassination Of Mahatma Gandhi1912 Words   |  8 Pages Synthesis Essay- Mahatma Gandhi MSgt Tiffany J. Jones Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy Mahatma Gandhi 504. 240. 2,555. 6. The number 504 represents the hours spent fasting in hunger strikes against racial injustice. The number 240 represents miles journeyed in protest against unjust taxes. The number 2,555 represents the number of days in prison for civil disobedience. The number 6 represents the number of assassination attempts made. What do those numbersRead MoreEssay on The Life of Mahatma Gandhi695 Words   |  3 PagesAs a child, Mahatma Gandhi (October 2nd, 1869 – January 30th, 1948) he was a shy, quiet boy and considered an average student. He did not show any exceptional qualities, but that made the world that much more intrigued when he became the one of the world’s most respected religious figures. Like the rest of us, Gandhi wasn’t perfect. He experimented with smoking, stealing and eating foods such as meat that were frowned upon in his religious upbringing. By the age of 13, he married his wife KasturbaRead MoreMahatma Gandhi Research Paper1409 Words   |  6 Pages Mahatma Gandhi was a public figure that led India to their release of Great Britain taxes and rule. Mahatma Gandhi was born October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India where his mother and father (Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai Gandhi) raised him into a 6 sibling family. Mahatma Gandhi attended Samaldas Arts College in 1891 as that’s where he got most of the education at the college level. Gandhi had 4 sons with his wife Kasturba Gandhi who was born in 1833 and later passed in 1944. Mahatma was later assassinated

Women Welfare - 1704 Words

Women and Welfare Women are beginning to face several problems in todays time. Ranging from being treated as only sex symbols to having to live the stereotype of you have to be skinny to be beautiful, the last thing women need is another rising problem. Unfortunately for women and even society though, one exists. Several factors in the American society are to blame for the positive correlation between women and welfare, and if nothing is done about it, it will soon become a problem that needs severe resolving efforts. According to Mr. Leahys excerpt , author of the article entitled Time on welfare: why do people enter and leave the system?, there are at least 2 factors we can blame on why a lot women are being forced to rely on†¦show more content†¦That is well over 5.5 years! And that isnt even including the additional months tacked onto the end from other extra problems. Even though the factors that are causing the increase in women being on welfare are severe, I think there is an achievable resolution in the near future. Welfare will not be completely gotten rid of because of its helpful nature for the elderly and people in need, but I think the usage/need for it by women can be greatly reduced by several different ways. There are a few things that can be done to help resolve this problem. A small and cheap idea that would help out these poverty-stricken women is to provide free classes at convenient times. A good start would be to have classes that provided information how to do well with writing a great resume when applying for a job, classes on how to do well and impress people when going to interview, and even smaller things taught in a classroom such as workplace etiquette would be at least a start on improving life for these women. Its a widely known fact that if you have anything about you that makes you stand out in front of the others, and I mean anything, you will become noticed and have a better chance of getting whatever you are trying to get, whether its a job or some kind of beauty pageant. Another major problem that women face when trying to fend for themselves is the lack of money for transportation so they dont have a way back and forth to work. How can youShow MoreRelated Women and Welfare Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pages The Struggle of Women on Welfare nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women in today’s society face many adversities. In this essay I will discuss fact versus stereotypical perceptions about the various social and economic problems women must face everyday. I grew up on the Upper East Side in Manhattan mostly comprised of wealthy, socialite families. I attended The Convent of Sacred Heart, also one of the top, private, all girl schools in Manhattan. The majority of the students come from very privilegedRead MoreWomen in the Mixed Economy of Welfare Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe mixed economy of welfare has heavily impacted the life of women in Aotearoa New Zealand from the 1800s to the 21st century. The role of women has radically changed as New Zealand has gone through political and cultural reform. The state, the voluntary sector and the marketplace has had to accommodate for new needs of women and has given, in some cases, a better chance for equality between men and women. Significant changes in policy have be en caused due to women gaining monetary independenceRead MoreA Sociological Literature On Aesthetic Labor943 Words   |  4 PagesGood (Enough) Clothes, Bad Bodies: Disadvantaged Women, Unemployment, Aesthetic Labor and the Embodied Disadvantages of Race Class, Age and Body Size Much research on gender inequality in the workplace has rightfully interrogated the â€Å"glass ceiling.† Yet it is also vital that gender scholars understand social barriers to what might be termed the â€Å"front door,† by examining the experiences of disadvantaged women seeking entry into the low-wage labor market. A sociological literature on aesthetic laborRead MoreThe Welfare Policies And Welfare Programs1232 Words   |  5 Pagesfor welfare and for what amount of time, though federal funds can only be provided for five years of benefits over the lifetime of the recipient. Women currently have very few options when it comes to working and caring for their children. The next section of this paper will discuss the welfare policies aimed at alleviating the struggle of women to care provide for themselves and their children. Welfare Programs and Eligibility There are several welfare programs that are available to women in needRead MoreEssay on The Welfare Reform Law1058 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Welfare reform law was introduced in 1996 it has impacted American society greatly. The new welfare policy, named the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), replaced the Aid to Family and Dependent Children (AFDC) program; they have five known differences that only affect the ones who need the assistance. Critics argue that the TANF has negatively impacted the society while some argue that it has not. Linda Burnham, author of â€Å"Welfare Reform, Family Hardship Woman of Color,†Read MoreDrug Testing Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesbig question floating in the air around a lot of people today, â€Å"Is drug testing the welfare constitutional or not?† When dealing with this we come to many road blocks. We should know and understand the difference in a drug use problem and a psychiatric disorder. Also understanding the difference in substance abuse and substance dependence. Confusing the two could be an issue. When you decide to drug test the welfare there is much more that needs to go into it than just the test to determine if youRead MoreEffects Of The 1996 Welfare Reform Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of the 1996 welfare reform bill helped declined caseloads on the social and economic well-being of fragile families, single mothers, and children. Although, the welfare reform was documented for making several positive changes such as reducing poverty rates, lowering the out of-wedlock childbearing, and formulated a better family structure, it is undeniable that poverty remained high among single mothers and their children. The reality of the matter was that most welfare recipients experiencedRead MoreA Thematic Literature Review : Low Income Single Mothers1393 Words   |  6 Pagesthe issues of welfare, childcare and employment that low-income single mothers challenge. The review will depict the difficulty low-income single mother’s face in term of raising a child on their own and the lack of support that they receive. Poverty amongst low-income single mothers is caused by lack of financial aid. Low-income single mothers endure the hardship of raising a child and paying numerous bills for survival with such minimal assistance. Welfare The notion of welfare is very prevalentRead MoreWelfare Fraud : A Black Woman1289 Words   |  6 Pageswith the help of the media, the label of the black mother who lives on welfare, yet is able to afford a Cadillac. Her name was Linda Taylor, a Chicagoan who was infamously known to changing her name numerous times, participating in welfare fraud, and ultimately living a well-off life based on her scams. The Chicago Tribune was the first to refer to Taylor as being a â€Å"welfare queen.† Media and politics stereotyped the â€Å"welfare queen† as a black woman who takes advantages of taxpayers and the systemRead MoreEffects of Welfare Reform on Illicit Drug Use Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderable research has previously been conducted to analyze the effects welfare reform has had on its intended purposes such as employment, caseloads, or familial cohesion. And while there have been a few studies that examined the correlation between women receiving welfare and drug use, the effects of reform in regards to illicit drug use, specifically women, had not been previously evaluated. As legislation passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)

Is Reality, Understanding, And Real Life - 1791 Words

Kassidy McLeod Essay 1 Expository Writing 09/07/15 Reality, Understanding, and Real Life Every day we make decisions, some that we are conscious of, and some which we make unconsciously. Each of these decisions leads to an outcome that, in theory, changes the entire course of our lives. When we take that into consideration, it becomes apparent that any possible combination of events could make up someone’s life. Works of fiction are merely somebody somewhere creating their own character who has gone through a certain chain of events, created usually based on things the author has read, heard, or experienced. In reading about these different scenarios and characters, although technically they aren’t reality, they still have a lot to offer to the reader, in terms of the reader’s own personal development. In Reading Lolita in Tehran by Azar Nafisi, it becomes apparent to the reader that one can easily get so wrapped up in a work of fiction they start to believe that it actually reflects their own struggles and belie fs. When reading said books, it is important to stay grounded, and remember that works of fiction are not reality, but still can offer a fresh perspective, increased self awareness, and a new sense of understanding of the world around us, which can bring us closer to our own personal truths than some facts. Nafisi puts a lot of emphasis on conveying to the reader the blindness of the people and the â€Å"censored views† from her apartment of those around her (Nafisi,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frankenstein And Nabokov s The Real Life Of Sebastian Knight1362 Words   |  6 PagesNabokov’s The Real Life of Sebastian Knight investigate problems of reality, strongly suggesting that real knowledge of someone cannot exist or is at best inaccessible. However, while Nabokov and Frankenstein suggest that one may never be able to know the â€Å"real life† of another person, perhaps one’s failed attempts to perfectly capture that reality—reflections or inte rpretations of reality, that is—function as the most meaningful â€Å"reality† for the would-be knower. V.’s definition of â€Å"real† itself makesRead MoreReligiological Questions and Answers Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal understanding. To â€Å"know† means to understand or be aware. Everyone’s personal knowledge differs and the way we obtain and interpret our knowledge is usually through our spiritual beliefs. In order to gain knowledge I rely on the Word of God. The knowledge of God is the most valuable knowledge a human being can possess. The Word of God can be found in Scripture. Proverbs 2:6 tells us that the Lord gives us wisdom and that the wisdom of God results in knowledge and understanding. But it isRead MoreComparing Plato s Xi Of The Republic1376 Words   |  6 Pagestheories stand alone in revealing insight of what they represent, they are deeply intertwined and essential in understanding reality and gives the means to be able to reach the ultimate Form of existence through knowledge and purpose, rather than belief. Socrates begins his argument by introducing the analogy of the sun. He says that the sun is to the visible realm, the realm of reality and our perception, to what the Good is to the realm of intellect and the Forms. The sun is our source of light;Read More Improving Applications of Virtual Reality in Education Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesVirtual reality defined as to produce and create the effect of an interactive 3D world in which the objects have a sense of spatial presence by using computer technologies. Our perceptual and cognitive system will be presented by precise clues in order for our brain to interpret and understand those clues as outside object in 3D world. In addition, virtual reality suggest a lot of benefits and advantages to education of technical such as delivery information through multiple active channels, addressingRead MorePlato And The Matrix Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pageswhole and fulfilling life are answered. Both The Matrix and Plato provide alternate forms of reality, one that is based on truth and is fulfilling and one that is based on a false reality that offers false forms of fulfillment. The Matrix and Plato show the difference of living a life in a true reality and a â€Å"fake† reality where everything inside this reality is fake making the lives inside this reality fake. True education, the ability to recollect, and knowledge of reality gives people the abilityRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave by Plato916 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences in the way we perceive reality and what we believe is real. In his story, Plato starts by saying that in a cave, there are prisoners chained down and are forced to look at a wall. The prisoners are unable to turn their heads to see what is going on behind them and are completely bound to the floor. Behind the prisoners, puppeteers hide and cast shadows on the wall in line with the prisoners’ sight, thus giving the prisoners their only sense of reality. What happens in the passage is notRead MoreThe Reality Of The Beholder From The Ancient Dialogues From Plato And Socrates1263 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Reality? I plan on discussing each section of this essay; however, they do coincide with each other in the topic. I will try to explain my reasoning on how they would question relates to one another. First, what is the difference between appearance and reality? What is the reality of being in a new place, instead of being in a society of other people around you? Does one person think they can another’s perception of their world? Does everything lead to good, and what is good in theRead MoreQuestions On The Philosophy Of Metaphysics1372 Words   |  6 Pagessubsequent tradition? The project of Metaphysics is the study of existence; Metaphysics purpose is to answer, â€Å"What is reality.† Metaphysics reviews everything in the world that exists, although Metaphysics is a small part of Philosophy it is very important and is considered the base of Philosophy. The reason the project of Metaphysics is important is because the simple question what is for real has helped shape our world and allowed us to grow and develop overtime. Metaphysics is to speak about being andRead MoreAnalysis Of Truman Capote s The Novel Cold Blood1563 Words   |  7 PagesReal crime or true story is a recently denomination term used to refer to nonfictional acting of actual crimes, usually murders. There has been little methodical study of the genre; critics and scholars offer contradictory theories about true-crime literature. Although the term and the popularity of the genre are relatively new, factual accounts of crimes are not. True-crime accounts date back as far as the 1 8th century, and such writers as Edmund Pearson, William Roughead, and Jonathan Goodman describedRead MoreThe, The Melting Pot, And The World1028 Words   |  5 Pages ways of thinking and behaving that exists in a particular society. Meanwhile, the act of having a sense of reality can be described as knowing the world or the state of things as they exist. Reality has a flimsy definition because one’s own reality could be different compared to another. However, a person’s culture will affect how they think and thus manipulate their perception of reality. Common examples of this are: route of upbringing, political views, holistic medicinal approaches and most importantly

How To Be Successful In Life Free Essays

Success is something that we all want to achieve in our lives. The type of success aspired to can vary greatly from person; some people want nothing more than to be happily married, have a large family and bring up their children well. Other people strive for academic success and becoming as highly educated as they can, while some people are much more career-focused, and even with this group, their main marker of success can be different things: the power they have, the money they earn or the good they do, a combination of things or something else entirely. We will write a custom essay sample on How To Be Successful In Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because every type of success is very different, every road to success is very different too, but everyone’s route has one thing in common: hard work. Academic success is something that many students want, but also something that many students are not prepared to really work. Often, successful students are envied for the wrong reasons, with other people thinking that they’re just gifted and assuming that they don’t even work hard. The most successful students, though, are those that put the work in. It doesn’t matter how intelligent you are if you don’t put the effort in to learn, and work hard on essays and other assignments. Everything we know is learned, and intelligent people are not born with everything already stored in their heads. While intelligence can give students a head start over others, this is where it ends, and those getting the results they want will ultimately be those that worked the hardest. This academic success will also help with your career, but once you’re in a job it’s also incredibly important to work hard. The only people that will be considered for promotion are those that go above and beyond the line of duty in their work. This means being very productive during the working day, but also being prepared to work additional hours and do anything additional for the company if needs be. If you do the same job as another person and you’re equally qualified, the differentiation made between you will be based on who does the best job, which ultimately comes down to who works the hardest. The final type of success is in personal relationships, which everybody wants in some capacity. Working hard at relationships can actually be the hardest of all, as it involves a great deal of time and emotional investment, but it’s worth it to have the support and love of others. Couples that stay together all their lives do not manage it by chance, but by working hard at their relationship, making an effort to do things for each other, working out compromises, and addressing, not ignoring, any issues that may arise in the relationship. How to cite How To Be Successful In Life, Papers